lewis结构式ph3（Lewis Structure for PH3 An Insight into its Chemical Bonding）
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2023-06-07 10:35:37
摘要 Lewis Structure for PH3: An Insight into its Chemical Bonding
Phosphine or PH3 is an important chemical compound which finds its applications in various industr...
Lewis Structure for PH3: An Insight into its Chemical Bonding
Phosphine or PH3 is an important chemical compound which finds its applications in various industrial sectors. In this article, we will explore the Lewis structure of PH3 and understand its chemical bonding in detail.
Understanding Lewis Structure
Lewis structure or electron dot structure is a representation of a molecule which shows the arrangement of valence electrons in the atoms. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom which participate in chemical bonding. According to the Octet rule, the atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to complete their valence shell with eight electrons for achieving stability. In the Lewis structure, a single dot represents a valence electron, and each line represents a covalent bond. The structure helps to determine the geometry, polarity, and other physical and chemical properties of the molecule.Lewis Structure of PH3
PH3 contains four atoms; one phosphorus (P) atom and three hydrogen (H) atoms. Phosphorus has five valence electrons (group 5 element), and each hydrogen atom has one valence electron (group 1 element). The total valence electrons in the molecule are calculated by adding the valence electrons of each atom. For PH3, it comes out to be (5+1)x3=18. The next step is to arrange the atoms and draw the backbone structure using single bonds. Since hydrogen atoms can have only one bond, they occupy the terminal positions, and phosphorus atoms occupy the central position. The remaining valence electrons are then used to complete each atom's outer shell. Hydrogen atoms require only two electrons to complete the outer shell, and phosphorus requires eight electrons. In the case of PH3, each hydrogen atom gets 2 electrons from its bond with phosphorus. Similarly, each phosphorus atom gets 4 electrons from bonds with hydrogen. The remaining two electrons on phosphorus atoms are placed as a lone pair in its valence shell. The final Lewis structure of PH3 is shown below: H H | | H - P - H | | H HChemical Bonding in PH3
The Lewis structure helps to understand the chemical bonding in PH3. The molecule has a trigonal pyramidal or tetrahedral geometry, where the phosphorus atom occupies the central position, and the hydrogen atoms occupy the terminal positions. The bond angles are around 107 degrees, which arise due to the repulsion between the lone pair of electrons and the bonded atoms' electron pairs. Each hydrogen atom in PH3 forms a covalent bond with the phosphorus atom by sharing their valence electrons. The covalent bond arises due to the overlapping of atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms. In the case of PH3, the bonding occurs via hybridization of the atomic orbitals of phosphorus. The five atomic orbitals of phosphorus, i.e., 3p orbitals and 2s orbitals, hybridize to form five sp3 orbitals. The sp3 orbitals form covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms, and the remaining sp3 orbital contains the lone pair of electrons. The bond strength, as well as the polarity of PH3, depends on the electronegativity and atomic radius of the atoms involved. The polarity of PH3 arises due to the asymmetric distribution of electron density around the phosphorus atom. In conclusion, Lewis structure plays a crucial role in understanding the chemical properties of a molecule. The Lewis structure of PH3 helps to understand its chemical bonding, geometry, and polarity. The molecule shows covalent bonding, a tetrahedral geometry, and a polar nature due to the presence of the lone pair of electrons. The understanding of PH3's chemical properties is essential for its applications in various sectors such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and electronics.版权声明：本文版权归原作者所有，转载文章仅为传播更多信息之目的，如作者信息标记有误，请第一时间联系我们修改或删除，多谢。